When a cartridge is Ackely Improved, most of the taper in the case body is removed and the shoulder is changed from the parent cartridge shoulder angle to 40 degrees. This can be done by simply firing a factory case in an AI rifle chamber.
The resulting AI case actually has ~0.004" less headspace than the parent cartridge (257 AI versus standard 257 Roberts case, for example), so in order to re-chamber a rifle from the parent cartridge to the AI version, the barrel on the rifle needs to be set back at least on thread and an AI reamer used to cut the chamber.
A new unchambered barrel can just be chambered, threaded, and head spaced to fit an action with an AI reamer.
HTH - BCB