Im pretty sure the bearing surface affects stability more than the actual length, as it relates to twist rate.
Sorry disagree
The bearing surface is only relevant while the bullet is in the bore, once released from the bore bearing surface is not a factor. All bullets in the bore are stable regardless of bearing surface. Bearing surface can slow down a bullet so can a fast twist rate. Neither Greenhill or Miller formula's require input of bearing surface to calculate the stability of a bullet.
If I understand the V-max in the 20 caliber 40gr it's a boat tail, Which to determine stability one should use the Miller formula. Such as
@AWS ,
@spotstalkshoot by referring to the Berger calculator, another source is JBM Ballistics.
looking at JBM ballistics which does have the length of bullets. The 20 caliber 32gr V-max which is a flat base measures 0.638" (one would usually use the greenhill formula for the best depicter / guide for flat based bullets, boat tails uses the miller formula).
The 20 caliber 40gr Vmax is
0.683" 0.752"in length and is a boat tail hence the miller formula applies.
Which if I use the length of the 40gr v-max at it's stated length plugging in the 204 ruger cartridge velocity at 3600 fps using the howa's 1-12" twist, I get a
1.087 0.826 SG score. For stability. We need at least a 1.2 SG score. So because the SG is below the required 1.2 (military likes to keep at 1.4ish, the magic number for JBM is 1.3 SG which is lower than Berger). I'm sure they do shoot terrible. (looked on the wrong line for the V-max's length, hence the corrections hope I got them all)
SOOOOO if pulling the tips on the 40gr V-max gets us to a length of the 32gr V-max of 0.638" reevaluating the data using that length all other factors the same... the new SG score is 1.317 so yes then it would / should stabilize. If the length of the 40gr Vmax with tips removed is say 0.641 which will return a SG of 1.3, should work. Above (longer) than a 0.650" bullet length (1.250 SG) is where things turn south quickly in stability. Keep in mind this is for BOAT TAILS.
Otherwise if you just need to shoot 40grs pick a 40gr with a flat base.
Just my thoughts on the topic YMMV
Just happen to think on the data with JBM Ballistics they sometimes list the ballistic plastic tip length, this after reading DAA response.
According to the charts (JBM) the hornady 40gr Vmax did not list a length of the ballistic tip for the 20 caliber.
If you don't reload but do have calipers and the loaded cartridge overall length is shortened by at least
0.033" 0.114" by pulling the tips they Might work. More than 0.114" is better. I highly doubt that plastic tip is 0.114" in length.
@BBK probably gave the best advice on your attempt.
stability does not always = accuracy, but accuracy always has to have stability. In other words you have to be stable first before finding accuracy.
Before you ask is the 45gr SP's you mention a flat base?? if so that is why accuracy is acceptable.
IDK why Hornady doesn't post the min twist rate on their .20 calibers, they do have a area for it.