the short beards are mostly a result of a kind of fungus that we call beard rot, it leaves the tips blond where the fungus set in and the beard broke off. Have killed a couple with it that hadn't broke they're beards off yet
All this info is about as close as you could get with a few exceptions in certain areas. A few turkeys coming from a couple different places around here may not have spurs, just the bumpy scale on the leg, when its a 22# bird with a 10.5" paintbrush its not a jake. and I did shoot a jake once with a full fan, came in at dawn in full strut saw a full fan so didn't even look at the beard. the spur length age system only works if the spurs are pointed, in real rocky habitat lots of gobblers wear or break them off.
RR