It kinda depends. If they're coming in and they stop at 60-65 yards facing you, I wouldn't hesitate to shoot. If they've busted you and they are running away, I'd have to say they better be within 30-35 yards. A coyotes backside will soak up a lot of lead. I've seen several take multiple shots in the @$$ and never slow down. I'd say if you keep your shots under 50 yards, you should be safe. I agree with Bernie P., for anything beyond that a rifle is what you want. I use a Vortex Viper PST 2.5-10x44 Scope on my rifle, and I set down at every stand with the scope set at 2.5 magnification. If I see one coming in at 200 plus yards, I have time to adjust my scope up. But if I see one pop up at 50 yards, I don't have time to turn my scope down. It's very effective. The last 4 dogs I've shot were all under 100 yards, and 2 of those were under 50. All with my rifle. Yes a shotgun has it's place, but I prefer to have my rifle in my lap when I make a stand. To make it fair, my buddy and I will change every other stand. I'll carry my shotgun and he'll carry his rifle, and we'll switch on the next stand. We also like to switch who gets the down wind side. We call a lot of areas that get called a lot, and have some smart dogs. It never fails for them to come in on the down wind side. So we always fight over it. Lol.