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However I dont know if the smaller size shot will have enough energy out pass 40 to 50 yards to cleanly take fox.
Past 40 yards things begin to happen to patterns, usually bad things. And it can happen very quickly, five yards can make a big difference in effectiveness at the mid-field line. Personally, I like bigger shot than a turkey load. I've shot about a dozen coyotes with 3" .12 gauge turkey loads of no. 4's and experienced only fair, to downright poor results. I know gray fox aren't half the size or as hardy as coyotes, however, there really isn't a whole bunch of energy left in a no. 4 pellet at fifty yards. I've skinned squirrels that had copper plated lead pellets stuck under their hide. Someone tried a long shot and the pellets did no more than barely made it through the tough elastic skin of a gray squirrel. I can't get too excited about long range shotgunning with turkey loads for predators. I know at least one guy here that disagrees with me, our experiences seem to be quite the opposite with turkey loads. He seems to have good luck with them, I certainly did not. With that said, were I to go looking for a fox specific load, it would be something like a "denser than lead" load of fast no. 2's or even a load of B size shot. Look for these in the waterfowl catalogs. A good compromise in case the odd coyote or two showed up rudely would be my new go to load of Remington HD-BB's. Plenty of pellets of large enough size, heavy, hard, fast, penetrates like gangbusters, and fairly easy to find good patterns with. Pretty tough load to beat on every corner except price - and they are a little pricey. And there is nothing wrong with good old No. Four Buckshot either. Have you read the sticky post in the Firearms section about shotguns at the top of the page? If not, that could be useful to you.
This pair of fox didn't like the HD-BB's...
This one couldn't hack the No. Four Buck...