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Good answer---
but everything mentioned so far is technically a medium bore.
Well... that's surely true I guess. I think it's from the prospective of the size of the game and the ranges desired.
In Africa, the .375 H&H is considered little in some camps - I have one (A Whitworth), and I shoot it often, and can tell you, "It ain't no small bore", but on the other hand, against Water buff, it definitly would be light in the loafers.
So I guess it depends on the game. If you're a farmer in Africa and the Elephants are chewing up your crops, then they would be "varmints".
But I think over here, varmints run from ground squirrels to maybe wolves in the 125 pound range, and it doesn't take 5,000 ftp to kill them.
For ground squirrels, the 25-06 or .264WM with V-maxs is way overkill, and on wolves, the .17 Rem is damn light, though all are "Varmint" guns.
When one talks about 800-ish ranges, then velocity and BC rule the day, and I am one of the proponents of the philosophy of "If some is good, then more is better", but it takes a hell of a gun to throw big bore bullets that fast and that far, and guns like that kill at both ends.
I have and shoot a AR-50 bmg, and it does get your attention when you let it loose.
I would NOT like to use it all day for 800-ish yd varmints.
My own (limited, non-African) varmint experence is from PD's to large (70 pound) ferel dogs, and for those I think 6.5 bore is as large as you need both in terms of attainable velocity, and the availability of usable bullets.