NM Leon
New member
Often we get into debates arguing largely about just one or two components of what is in reality a very complicated equation.
Terminal ballistics depend on a number of interrelated factors, bullet caliber, shape, construction, momentum (mass x velocity), sectional density, energy potential of the bullet at impact, etc.
Change any factor and the others will also change, sometimes a lot, sometimes a little. Changing calibers has a huge effect because so many of the other factors are (usually) changed as well.
Terminal ballistics also depend on the target itself, where and at what angle the bullet hits the target, density, thickness of the animal (as presented), amount and density of bone encountered, distance to vital organs, proximity and damage or shock to CNS components, etc.
There is no ONE "simple" theory that does an adequate job of predicting real world results. Time in Target (TiT) is a good explanation as far as it goes, but there are a number of underlying factors that must be accounted for to make it useful (as Handgunr alluded to).
Frangible bullets have a (generally speaking) narrower range of effectiveness than other types. Within that range though, they are awsome killers, but, push them too fast with too much spin and they can come apart without hitting anything (blowups).
With just a little less retained energy, either because of a slower MV, slower twist, or increased range (slower velocity and twist), they will fragment at the first touch of anything. I've had them disintegrate hitting a paper target.
Drop retained energy just a little more, and the bullet will fragment inside the animal, unless it hits bone and is caused to shed all it's energy instantaneously. When that happens we call it a splash.
Keep dropping the velocity and spin rate, and eventually the bullet won't come apart at all, even though that's what it's expressly designed to do. This is readily apparent if you shoot small long range animals (PDs). A .223 55gr Vmax bullet that turns them into "red mist" at 100YDs, will still kill them at 550YDs, but there's no "blow up".
My 7mm mag with 100gr HPs will drill near pencil holes in coyotes out to 150YDs or so, unless I hit bone. At 600YDs it makes a real mess of them.
Any other bullet will have a similar "progression of effectiveness", depending on many factors, sometimes velocity at impact has a great effect, sometimes animal density/size, usually a wide combination of factors.
There is (generally speaking) a wider latitude over a bullet's effectiveness with a larger caliber, and more solidly built bullet, but as with all things ballistic, it's a trade off.
Know your gun. Know your load. Know your prey (anatomy as well as habits). Know your own abilities.
There is no "magic solution".
Terminal ballistics depend on a number of interrelated factors, bullet caliber, shape, construction, momentum (mass x velocity), sectional density, energy potential of the bullet at impact, etc.
Change any factor and the others will also change, sometimes a lot, sometimes a little. Changing calibers has a huge effect because so many of the other factors are (usually) changed as well.
Terminal ballistics also depend on the target itself, where and at what angle the bullet hits the target, density, thickness of the animal (as presented), amount and density of bone encountered, distance to vital organs, proximity and damage or shock to CNS components, etc.
There is no ONE "simple" theory that does an adequate job of predicting real world results. Time in Target (TiT) is a good explanation as far as it goes, but there are a number of underlying factors that must be accounted for to make it useful (as Handgunr alluded to).
Frangible bullets have a (generally speaking) narrower range of effectiveness than other types. Within that range though, they are awsome killers, but, push them too fast with too much spin and they can come apart without hitting anything (blowups).
With just a little less retained energy, either because of a slower MV, slower twist, or increased range (slower velocity and twist), they will fragment at the first touch of anything. I've had them disintegrate hitting a paper target.
Drop retained energy just a little more, and the bullet will fragment inside the animal, unless it hits bone and is caused to shed all it's energy instantaneously. When that happens we call it a splash.
Keep dropping the velocity and spin rate, and eventually the bullet won't come apart at all, even though that's what it's expressly designed to do. This is readily apparent if you shoot small long range animals (PDs). A .223 55gr Vmax bullet that turns them into "red mist" at 100YDs, will still kill them at 550YDs, but there's no "blow up".
My 7mm mag with 100gr HPs will drill near pencil holes in coyotes out to 150YDs or so, unless I hit bone. At 600YDs it makes a real mess of them.
Any other bullet will have a similar "progression of effectiveness", depending on many factors, sometimes velocity at impact has a great effect, sometimes animal density/size, usually a wide combination of factors.
There is (generally speaking) a wider latitude over a bullet's effectiveness with a larger caliber, and more solidly built bullet, but as with all things ballistic, it's a trade off.
Know your gun. Know your load. Know your prey (anatomy as well as habits). Know your own abilities.
There is no "magic solution".